MEZUZAH

A mezuzah is a small parchment scroll inscribed with specific verses from the Torah, encased in a decorative case, and affixed to the doorposts of Jewish homes and rooms as a symbol of faith and a reminder of God's presence. It is a mitzvah (commandment) to affix a mezuzah to every doorpost, except for bathrooms, as a constant reminder of one's Jewish identity and commitment to Jewish law. 
Here's a more detailed explanation:
What it is:
Parchment Scroll:
The core of the mezuzah is a small piece of parchment (klaf) made from animal skin. 
Inscribed Text:
The parchment is inscribed with two passages from the Book of Deuteronomy: Deuteronomy 6:4-9 and 11:13-21. These passages include the Shema prayer, which affirms the oneness of God, and emphasize the importance of teaching God's commandments to children and remembering them always. 
Case:
The parchment is typically placed inside a decorative case made of various materials like wood, metal, or glass. The case often features the Hebrew letter "Shin," which is an abbreviation for one of God's names, Shaddai. 
Affixing:
The mezuzah is affixed to the right side of the doorpost (as one enters) at the top of the upper third of the doorpost. 
Why it's used:
Commandment:
The Torah (Deuteronomy 6:9) commands Jews to write the words of the Shema on the doorposts of their houses. 
Symbol of Faith:
The mezuzah serves as a visual reminder of God and Jewish law, prompting reflection and connection to faith. 
Protection:
Many believe the mezuzah offers spiritual protection to the home and its inhabitants. 
Sense of Identity:
Having a mezuzah on the doorpost signifies Jewish identity and heritage. 
How it's used:
Blessing: Before affixing the mezuzah, a blessing is recited (usually in Hebrew). 
Touching and Kissing: Some Jews touch the mezuzah when passing through a doorway and may kiss their fingers after touching it, as a sign of respect and reverence. 
Regular Inspection: Jewish law requires that mezuzot be checked periodically (usually twice in seven years) to ensure the parchment is still valid and the text is legible, according to Halachipedia

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